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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1956 |
| | | The Visit, by Swiss dramatist Friedrich Dürrenmatt, has its premiere in Zürich | |
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| 1956 |
| | | After a plebiscite British Togo is merged with the neighbouring colony of the Gold Coast | |
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| 1956 |
| | | The husband-and-wife team Charles and Ray Eames design a much copied lounge chair and footstool, made of moulded plywood with padded leather cushions | |
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| 1956 |
| | | Anastasio Somoza is assassinated on a visit to Panama, but the dictatorship of Nicaragua remains in his family | |
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| 1956 |
| | | Karlheinz Stockhausen's Song of the Children combines electronic sounds and the human voice | |
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| 1956 |
| | | The Sadler's Wells Ballet, dancing now at Covent Garden, is renamed the Royal Ballet | |
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| 1956 |
| | | Russian dancer Galina Ulanova proves a sensation on tour in Europe and the USA in her late forties | |
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| 1956 |
| | | The USA and Britain withdraw their offer of financial aid for Nasser's Aswan dam | |
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| 1956 |
| | | Egypt's president Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalizes the Suez canal and wins Soviet finance for his Aswan dam | |
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| 1956 |
| | | Sicilian author Giuseppe de Lampedusa completes his novel The Leopard, but does not live to see it published | |
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| 1956 |
| | | Eugene O'Neill's searing account of tensions within his own family, Long Day's Journey into Night, has its premiere in Stockholm | |
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| 1956 |
| | | Lawrence Ferlinghetti is prosecuted and acquitted for publishing Allen Ginsberg's Howl | |
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| 1956 |
| | | Hans Werner Henze's opera The Stag King has its premiere in Berlin | |
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| 1956 |
| | | John Osborne's play Look Back in Anger features in the first season of London's new English Stage Company | |
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| 1956 |
| | | Nasser disregards a French and British ultimatum to withdraw from the Suez canal | |
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| 1956 |
| | | Students are fired on in Budapest when protesting against repressive Communist policies | |
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| 1956 |
| | | Confronted by a popular uprising, Communist leaders in Hungary bring back the reformist prime minister Imre Nagy | |
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| 1956 |
| | | Israeli troops invade the Sinai peninsula, a province of Egypt bordering the Suez canal | |
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| 1956 |
| | | The British and French bomb Egyptian airfields, and land troops near Port Said and the Suez canal | |
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| 1956 |
| | | Russian and Warsaw Pact troops invade Hungary to end the uprising and arrest Imre Nagy | |
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| 1956 |
| | | The Kremlin imposes János Kádár on Hungary as head of a new government | |
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| 1956 |
| | | Under international pressure Britain and France agree to a humiliating withdrawal from Suez | |
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| 1956 |
| | | Melbourne hosts the Olympics, in what becomes known as 'the Friendly Games' | |
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| 1956 |
| | | 18-year-old Australian sprinter Betty Cuthbert wins three gold medals in the Melbourne Olympics, at 100m, 200m and 400m | |
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| 1956 |
| | | Japanese novelist Yukio Mishima publishes The Temple of the Golden Pavilion | |
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| 1956 |
| | | The MPLA (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola) is formed as a guerrilla movement to end Portuguese rule | |
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| 1956 |
| | | Communist activist Fidel Castro returns from Mexico to Cuba to organize guerrilla warfare against the Batista regime | |
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| 1956 |
| | | Dwight D. Eisenhower is elected for a second US presidential term, again with Richard Nixon as his vice-president | |
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| 1956 |
| | | The British queen, Elizabeth II, moves the traditional royal Christmas address from radio to TV | |
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| 1956 |
| | | The ballet Spartacus, with music by Aram Khachaturian, has its premiere in Leningrad | |
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| 1957 |
| | | Anthony Eden resigns as UK prime minister after the fiasco of the Suez Crisis, and is succeeded by Harold Macmillan | |
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| 1957 |
| | | Danish architect Jørn Utzon wins the competition to design Sydney Opera House | |
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| 1957 |
| | | With his Hundred Flowers Campaign ('Let a hundred flowers bloom'), Mao Zedong invites criticism and then locks up the critics | |
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| 1957 |
| | | French critic Roland Barthes develops in Mythologies the theory of semiotics, relating to signs and symbols | |
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| 1957 |
| | | De Valera takes stringent measures against the IRA and Sinn Fein, detaining activists in an internment camp | |
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| 1957 |
| | | Kwame Nkrumah leads the Gold Coast into independence under a name of historic resonance, Ghana | |
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